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Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of
Pakistan (Urdu: اسلامی جمہوریۂ پاکستان),
is a sovereign country located in South Asia and the Greater Middle East. It has a 1,046 kilometer coastline along
the Arabian Sea in the south, and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the
west, India in the east and China in the far northeast.[4]
Pakistan is the sixth most populous country in the world and is the second most
populous country with a Muslim majority. Its territory was a part of the
pre-partitioned British India and has a long history of settlement and
civilization including the Indus Valley Civilization. Most of it was conquered
in the 1st millennium BCE by Persians and Greeks. Later arrivals include the
Arabs, Afghans, Turks, Baloch and Mongols. The territory was incorporated into
the British India in the nineteenth century. Since its independence, the country
has experienced both periods of significant military and economic growth, and
periods of instability, with the secession of East Pakistan (present-day
Bangladesh).